Hydraulic properties refer to the characteristics of soil or rock that regulate the movement of water through them. These properties include parameters such as porosity, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and water retention capacity. Understanding the hydraulic properties of a material is essential for various fields such as hydrology, geology, environmental science, and civil engineering. Researchers study these properties to assess the ability of a material to store, transmit, and drain water, which can ultimately inform decisions related to water resource management, land use planning, and infrastructure design.